Geothermal Energy
India has notified the National Policy on Geothermal Energy (September 2025) to harness its rich geothermal resources as part of its Net Zero 2070 target. In July 2026, the country commissioned its first two geothermal wells in Puga Valley, Ladakh, marking the beginning of commercial geothermal energy development. India's theoretical geothermal potential stands at nearly 10.6 GW across 10 identified geothermal provinces.
Why It Matters
Relevant for UPSC and state PSC exams covering India's renewable energy policy, climate commitments, and infrastructure development. Also important for banking and SSC exams testing knowledge of government schemes and energy sector initiatives.
In Simple Words
Geothermal energy comes from intense heat deep within the Earth, generated by radioactive decay and residual planetary heat. Unlike solar and wind, it provides power 24/7 regardless of weather. India recognized this potential and created a national policy in 2025 to develop geothermal resources systematically.
India has 381 mapped hot springs and 10 geothermal provinces with a theoretical potential of 10.6 GW. The country's first major milestone came in July 2026 when two 1,000-metre-deep wells were commissioned in Ladakh's Puga Valley at over 14,000 feet elevation. These wells will support India's first 1-megawatt demonstration geothermal power project and pave the way for wider commercial deployment.
Key Points
- National Policy on Geothermal Energy notified in September 2025
- First two geothermal wells commissioned in Puga Valley, Ladakh in July 2026
- India's theoretical geothermal potential: nearly 10.6 GW
- GSI has mapped 381 hot springs and identified 10 geothermal provinces
- 42 sites recognized as promising for power generation and direct heat use
- Wells are 1,000 metres deep, located at over 14,000 feet above sea level
- Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) is nodal ministry for implementation
- Five R&D projects sanctioned between July and August 2025 covering resource assessment and technology development
Exam Angle
A. July 2026, in Puga Valley, Ladakh
Source: Press Information Bureau